Quantum non-demolition measurements in optics: a review and some recent experimental results |
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Authors: | J. F. Roch G. Roger P. Grangier J.-M. Courty S. Reynaud |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institut d'Optique, B.P. 147, F-91403 Orsay Cédex, France;(2) Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne, F-75252 Paris Cédex, France |
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Abstract: | We review the schemes which have been implemented, in order to achieve quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements in the optical domain. The simplest schemes can be obtained using the optical Kerr effect, which yields a crossed-phase modulation coupling between two light beams. Other schemes use either independently generated squeezed light, or coupled-mode parametric amplifiers. These various schemes can be characterized using three criteria, which describe, respectively, the quality of the quantum measurement, the non-destruction of the signal, and the conditional variance of the output signal beam, given the output meter beam (quantum-state preparation criterion). We show that quantitative limits can be defined with respect to these criteria, delimiting classical and quantum domains of operation. Then we present in more detail a new experimental implementation of QND measurements, using three-level atoms inside a doubly-resonant optical cavity. |
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Keywords: | 42.50.Dv 42.50.Lc 03.65.Bz |
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