Managed bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil soil chemistry and microbial ecology three years later |
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Authors: | Duncan Kathleen Levetin Estelle Wells Harrington Jennings Eleanor Hettenbach Susan Bailey Scott Lawlor Kevin Sublette Kerry Berton Fisher J |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK;(2) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK;(3) Amoco Technology Center, Tulsa, OK;(4) Present address: Gardere … Wynne, Tulsa, OK |
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Abstract: | Analysis of samples taken from three experimental soil lysimeters demonstrated marked long-term effects of managed bioremediation
on soil chemistry and on bacterial and fungal communities 3 yr after the application of crude oil or crude oil and fertilizer.
The lysimeters were originally used to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of managed (application of fertilizer and water,
one lysimeter) vs unmanaged bioremediation (one lysimeter) of Michigan Silurian crude oil compared to one uncontaminated control
lysimeter. Three years following the original experiment, five 2-ft-long soil cores were extracted from each lysimeter, each
divided into three sections, and the like sections mixed together to form composited soil samples. All subsequent chemical
and microbiological analyses were performed on these nine composited samples. Substantial variation was found among the lysimeters
for certain soil chemical characteristics (% moisture, pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen TKN], ammonia nitrogen NH4-N], phosphate phosphorous PO4-P], and sulfate SO4
−2]). The managed lysimeter had 10% the level of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH-IR) found in the unmanaged lysimeter. Assessment
of the microbial community was performed for heterotropic bacteria, fungi, and aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (toluene,
naphthalene, and phenanthrene) by dilution onto solid media. There was little difference in the number of heterotrophic bacteria,
in contrast to counts of fungi, which were markedly higher in the contaminated lysimeters. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
were elevated in both oil-contaminated lysimeters. In terms of particular hydrocarbons as substrates, phenanthrene degraders
were greater in number than naphthalene degraders, which outnumbered toluene degraders. Levels of sulfate-reducing bacteria
seem to have been stimulated by hydrocarbon degradation. |
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Keywords: | Index Entries" target="_blank">Index Entries Crude Oil bioremediation TPH sulfate-reducing bacteria nematodes soil fungi hydrocarbon |
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