绿色植物靶标的光谱探测研究

利用植物和背景(枯枝、土壤等)的光谱特性"红边"两侧反射率的差异,研究了探测绿色植物靶标的光谱探测技术。定义850与650nm处反射率的比值为植物判别指数(GPDI)。用FieldSpec Handheld2500型野外便携式光谱仪测量了绿色植物和背景的光谱数据,对其进行数据处理,计算各被测物质的植物判别指数GPDI。利用决策树模式识别方法建立植物与背景的分类模型,得到了GPDI阈值(GPDITH),选择此阈值为5.54。当GPDIGPDITH时,判别探测对象为植物;反之亦然。设计开发了基于AT89S51单片机和光电二极管OPT101的绿色植物光谱探测器。试验结果表明,此探测器的探测率受杂草的种类、大小和密度的影响;阔叶草比窄叶草更易探测到;植株越大、密度越高,探测率越高。

Study on spectral detection of green plant target

Weeds grow scatteredly in fields, where many insentient objects exist, for example, withered grasses, dry twig and barriers. In order to improve the precision level of spraying, it is important to study green plant detecting technology. The present paper discussed detecting method of green plant by using spectral recognizing technology, because of the real-time feature of spectral recognition. By analyzing the reflectivity difference between each of the two sides of the "red edge" of the spectrum from plants and surrounding environment, green plant discriminat index (GPDI) is defined as the value which equals the reflectivity ratio at the wavelength of 850 nm divided by the reflectivity ratio at the wavelength of 650 nm. The original spectral data of green plants and the background were measured by using the handhold FieldSpec 3 Spectroradiometer manufactured by ASD Inc. in USA. The spectral data were processed to get the reflectivity of each measured objects and to work out the GPDI thereof as well. The classification model of green plant and its background was built up using decision tree method in order to obtain the threshold of GPDI to distinguish green plants and the background. The threshold of GPDI was chosen as 5.54. The detected object was recognized as green plant when it is GPDI>GPDITH, and vice versa. Through another test, the accuracy rate was verified which was 100% by using the threshold. The authors designed and developed the green plant detector based on single chip microcomputer (SCM) "AT89S51" and photodiode "OPT101" to realize detecting green plants from the background. After passing through two optical filters, the center wavelengths of which are 650 and 850 nm respectively, the reflected light from measured targets was detected by two photodiodes and converted into electrical signals. These analog signals were then converted to digital signals via an analog-to-digital converter (ADS7813) after being amplified by a signal amplifier (OP400). The converted digital signal of reflected light was eventually sent to the SCM (AT89S51) and was calculated and processed there. The processing results and the control signals were given out to actuate executive device to open or close the solenoid valve. The test results show that the level of detectivity of the designed detector was affected by the species, size, and density of weeds. The detectivity of broad-leaf species is higher than that of narrow-leaf species. Broad-leaf species are more easily detected than those narrow-leaf ones; the bigger the plants and the denser the leaves are, the higher the level of detectivity is.