环保固沙抑尘剂黄原胶接枝共聚物的制备与性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合法，制备以黄原胶（XG）为接枝底物，丙烯酸甲酯（MA）和乙酸乙烯酯（VAc）为共聚单体的新型环保固沙抑尘剂。综合考察单体配比、乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）用量、引发剂过硫酸铵（APS）用量、聚合温度以及接枝底物黄原胶用量等因素对聚合物乳液产品质量的影响。工艺优化结果表明，当单体质量配比（m_MA：m_VAc）为3：5，乳化剂、引发剂、接枝底物质量分数分别为5.0%、1.2%、4.0%，且聚合温度65 ℃时，固沙抑尘剂乳液的黏度、抗压强度、产品外观、流动性以及静置稳定性达到最佳。随后采用FT-IR、TG-DTA对产品进行表征，证明接枝底物与单体接枝成功，且产物具有优异的保水性。最后对环保固沙抑尘剂的应用性能及其对植物出芽率的影响进行了研究，表征测试结果表明，该环保固沙抑尘剂具备良好的耐水性和抗水蚀性，抗压强度能满足实际治沙需要，且具备一定的降解性。

Preparation and properties of an environmental friendly sand-fixation&dust suppressant by xanthan gum-grafted copolymerization

An environmental friendly sand-fixation & dust suppressant has been prepared by seed emulsion polymerization using xanthan gum (XG) as grafted substrate and methyl acrylate (MA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) as comonomers. The influences of the monomer ratio, the amount of emulsifier sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), the amount of initiator ammonium persulfate (APS), the reaction temperature and the amount of xanthan gum (XG) on the quality of the polymer emulsion were studied. According to the results of the optimization experiments, when the monomer mass ratio (m_MA:m_VAc) was 3:5, the mass fraction of emulsifier, initiator and grafted substrate were 5.0%, 1.2% and 4.0% respectively, and the reaction temperature was 65 ℃, the viscosity, compressive strength, product appearance, fluidity and static stability of the sand-fixation & dust suppressant all reached their optimum values. FT-IR spectroscopy and TG-DTA showed that the co-monomers were successfully grafted on to the substrate. The product also had excellent water retention. Finally, the application performance of the environmental friendly sand-fixation & dust suppressant and its influence on seed germination were studied. The experimental results show that this XG grafted sand-fixation & dust suppressant with a certain degree of degradation has good water resistance and water erosion resistance. Also, its compressive strength can satisfy the practical requirements of sand control.