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Direct effects of ionizing radiation unique to macromolecules |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;2. Department of Animal Ecology & Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Box 30, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;3. Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;4. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, E11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;5. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile |
| Abstract: | Radiation studies of macromolecules have revealed several effects which are not describable by classical radiation physics and are not observed in radiation studies of simple diatomic gases: (1) the radiation damage to macromolecules depends on the temperature at which irradiation was performed; (2) polymeric molecules suffer radiation damage throughout the chain no matter where the primary ionization occurred; (3) there is only minimal appearance of radiation damage in other chains which are not covalently linked to the one suffering the primary ionization. These effects have been observed in radiation studies of all synthetic polymers and biologic macromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. Data implicating free radicals in the temperature effects and studies concerning energy transfer in irradiated macromolecules provide a basis for the mechanisms involved in these effects. |
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