Photothermal ablation therapy for cancer based on metal nanostructures |
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Authors: | Nadejda Rozanova JinZhong Zhang |
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Institution: | (1) Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA;(2) Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;(3) University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; |
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Abstract: | Besides conventional surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, which all tend to have side-effects and damage normal tissues,
new medical strategies, such as photothermal sensitization and photothermal ablation therapy (PTA) with near-IR laser light,
have been explored for treating cancer. Much of the current excitement surrounding nanoscience is directly connected to the
promise of new nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The basic principle behind PTA is that heat generated from
light can be used to destroy cancer cells. Strong optical absorption and high efficiency of photothermal conversion at the
cancer sites are critical to the success of PTA. Because of their unique optical properties, e.g., strong surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) absorption, noble metal nanomaterials, such as gold and silver, have been found to significantly enhance photothermal
conversion for PTA applications. Substantial effort has been made to develop metal nanostructures with optimal structural
and photothermal properties. Ideal metal nanostructures should have strong and tunable SPR, be easy to deliver, have low toxicity,
and be convenient for bioconjugation for actively targeting specific cancer cells. This review would highlight some gold nanostructures
with various shapes and properties, including nanoparticles (NPs), nanorods (NRs), nanoshells, nanocages, and hollow nanospheres,
which have been studied for PTA applications. Among these structures, hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) exhibit arguably the
best combined properties because of their small size (30–50 nm), spherical shape, and strong, narrow, and tunable SPR absorption. |
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