Stir-bar-sorptive extraction,with in-situ deconjugation,and thermal desorption with in-tube silylation,followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measurement of urinary 4-nonylphenol and 4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-octylphenol glucuronides |
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Authors: | Migaku Kawaguchi Rie Ito Norihiro Sakui Noriya Okanouchi Koichi Saito Yasuo Seto Hiroyuki Nakazawa |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 824 Biological Sciences Building, 1000 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA |
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Abstract: | Bacterial quorum-sensing regulatory systems can be summarized in a simple model wherein an autoinducer molecule accumulates
in cultures and stimulates regulatory changes in gene expression upon reaching a critical threshold concentration. Although
quorum sensing was originally thought to be an isolated phenomenon governing the regulation of a handful of processes in only
a few bacteria, it is now considered to be a widespread mechanism for coordinating bacterial gene expression. Over decades
of research, investigations of autoinducer-mediated regulation have revealed that these systems are far more complicated than
originally appreciated, and such discoveries have accelerated recently with the application of molecular and genomic tools.
The focus of this review is to highlight recent advances describing complexities that go beyond the simple model of quorum
sensing. These complexities include the regulation of autoinducer production and degradation, the presence of multiple quorum-sensing
systems in individual bacteria that regulate diverse genes, often in coordination with other regulatory elements, and the
influence of interorganismal interactions on quorum sensing. |
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Keywords: | Vibrio fischeri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acyl homoserine lactone AI-2 Bioluminescence |
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