Lower estimates for the number of closed trajectories of generalized billiards |
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Authors: | F S Duzhin |
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Institution: | (1) Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
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Abstract: | The mathematical study of periodic billiard trajectories is a classical question that goes back to George Birkhoff. A billiard
is the motion of a particle in the absence of field of force. Trajectories of such a particle are geodesics. A billiard ball
rebounds from the boundary of a given domain making the angle of incidence equal the angle of reflection. Let k be a fixed
integer. Birkhoff proved a lower estimate for the number of closed billiard trajectories of length k in an arbitrary plane
domain. We give a general definition of a closed billiard trajectory when the billiard ball rebounds from a submanifold of
a Euclidean space. Besides, we show how in this case one can apply the Morse inequalities using the natural symmetry (a closed
polygon may be considered starting at any of its vertices and with the reversed direction). Finally, we prove the following
estimate. Let M be a smooth closed m-dimensional submanifold of a Euclidean space, and let p > 2 be a prime integer. Then
M has at least closed billiard trajectories of length p. Bibliography: 7 titles.
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Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 325, 2005, pp. 113–126. |
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