中国传统庭院戏场若干声学特征

中国传统戏场在世界建筑史中别具一格,它与现代剧院迥然不同。传统戏曲表演是虚拟化的,因此可在面积不大的亭式舞台上演出,形成三面围观的格局。这类戏场以顶面敞开的庭院形式为其主流。本文讨论了下列相关声学问题:(1)亭式舞台的演唱效果;(2)庭院式戏场的混响感;(3)不同戏场布局的声场强度(响度)变化;(4)伴奏乐队位置变迁的声学效果;(5)舞台下设瓮助声之谜剖析。 

Acoustics of traditional Chinese courtyard theatrical buildings

The traditional Chinese theatrical building is unique in the world architectural history,and very different from the modern theatres.As the traditional theatre plays on the imagination with lesser reliance on visual realism,therefore it can be performed on a small pavilion stage.The courtyard theatre was the most common type existing,some acoustical features in such unroofed spaces were studied and presented in this paper.Discussed are(1) acoustic effect of pavilion stage for singing performance;(2) reverbrance in the unroofed space;(3) effect of sound strength (loudness)distribution in the audience area for different layout spaces;(4) preference of different band positions on sound effects in the audience area;(5) the mystery of the sounding vessels beneath the stage.