Sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment of dye-containing wastewaters: colour and COD removals, and ecotoxicity tests |
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Authors: | Silva Marcos Erick Rodrigues da Firmino Paulo Igor Milen Sousa Márcia Rodrigues de Santos André Bezerra Dos |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Cear?, Fortaleza, Cear?, Brazil;(2) Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Cear?, Campus Sobral, Sobral, Cear?, Brazil;(3) Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Cear?, Campus do Pici, Bloco 713. Pici, CEP: 60455-900 Fortaleza, Cear?, Brazil; |
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Abstract: | Colour and COD removals of the azo dyes Congo Red (CR) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) were individually evaluated in a sequential
anaerobic/aerobic treatment system. Additionally, dye toxicity was assessed by using acute ecotoxicity tests with Daphnia magna as the indicator-organism. The anaerobic reactor was operated at approximately 27 °C and with hydraulic retention times of
12 and 24 h. The aerobic reactor was operated in batch mode with a total cycle of 24 h. During anaerobic step, high colour
removals were obtained, 96.3% for CR (400 mg/L) and 75% for RB5 (200 mg/L). During the aerobic phase, COD effluent was considerably
reduced, with an average removal efficiency of 52% for CR and 85% for RB5, which resulted in an overall COD removal of 88%
for both dyes. Ecotoxicity tests with CR revealed that the anaerobic effluent presented a higher toxicity compared with the
influent, and an aerobic post-treatment was not efficient in reducing toxicity. However, the results with RB5 showed that
both anaerobic and aerobic steps could decrease dye toxicity, especially the aerobic phase, which removed completely the toxicity
in D. magna. Therefore, the anaerobic/aerobic treatment is not always effective in detoxifying dye-containing wastewaters, sometimes
even increasing dye toxicity. |
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