Testing thermal stabilities of base oils and their additives via high-temperature infrared spectroscopy |
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Authors: | H H Abou El Naga A E M Salem |
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Institution: | (1) MISR Petroleum Company Research Centre, P.O.B. 228, Cairo, Egypt |
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Abstract: | The thermal stabilities of base oils and their additives could be examined by employing an infrared spectroscopic technique. As the heat temperature was increased, changes in absorption were recorded at different wavelengths characteristic of the chemical groups. These changes were observed to occur slowly at first, but then turn to become more marked at specific temperatures. The magnitudes of these changes and temperatures were taken as indications of the thermal stabilities of the samples. The thermal stability was found to decrease in the following sequence: aromatics > naphthenes > hetero compounds > substituted aromatic rings > paraffins.
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der thermischen Stabilität von Ölen und deren Additiven bei Temperaturen bis zu 250 °C. Die angewandte Technik beruht auf der Verfolgung der bei verschiedenen Temperaturen eintretenden Veränderungen der Infrarotspektren der getesteten Proben. Die Probe wird in eine spezielle, auf unterschiedliche Temperaturen aufheizbare IR-Zelle eingefüllt. Die Zelle wird zunächst direkt auf 80 °C aufgeheizt, danach wird in Abständen von 10 °C je ein Spektrum aufgenommen, bis eine Temperatur von 250 °C erreicht ist. Die Referenzzelle wird ebenfalls mit der zu untersuchenden Probe gefüllt, jedoch nicht aufgeheizt. Bemerkenswerte und sich klar unterscheidende Veränderungen in der Intensität von einigen, charakteristischen Gruppen chemischer Verbindungen zuzuordnenden Banden wurden beobachtet. Diese Veränderungen gehen zunächst langsam vor sich, werden dann aber bei spezifischen Temperaturen sehr schnell. Das Ausmaß dieser Veränderungen und die spezifischen Temperaturen unterscheiden sich für die verschiedenen Gruppen chemischer Verbindungen. Die thermische Stabilität nimmt in der Reihenfolge Aromaten >Naphthene> Heteroverbindungen > substituierte Aromaten > Paraffine ab. Ein Antioxidant-Additiv des Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat-Typs wurde ebenfalls getestet und bewertet.
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![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) 250°. ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![zhcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1078.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1079.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) , ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) 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![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ycy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![khcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![yacy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1103.gif) , ![yacy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1103.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1103.gif) ![yucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1102.gif) 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![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![gcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![Tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1058.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![jcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1081.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![khcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1093.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![gcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![softcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1100.gif) ![shcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1096.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![yacy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1103.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) > ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![fcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1092.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) > ![gcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1075.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) > ![zcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![shchcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1097.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1099.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) > ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![fcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1092.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) . ![Pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![zhcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1078.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ycy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1099.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tscy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) ![dcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![fcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1092.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![fcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1092.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tscy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) , ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1100.gif) ![zcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1091.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1075.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![chcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/w0nh8j678j605t0h/xxlarge1083.gif) .
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