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Application of factor analysis to XPS valence band of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles |
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| Authors: | L Minati V MicheliB Rossi C MigliaresiL Dalbosco G BaoS Hou G Speranza |
| Institution: | a FBK, Via Sommarive 18, Povo 38123 Trento, Italy b Dept. Physics University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo 38123 Trento, Italy c Dept. Material Engineering and Industrial Technologies University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38100 Trento, Italy d Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535 United States |
| Abstract: | X-Ray photoelectron spectra of nano-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were examined with the aim to discriminate the different degree of iron oxidation. Careful analysis of the valence band regions reveals the presence of both Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. The application of factor analysis enabled us to extract the relative molar concentrations of these oxides in the nanoparticles. This is of particular interest in improving the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles whose superparamagnetic character can be optimized to obtain better contrast in images from nuclear magnetic resonance. As a result, the factor analysis allows tuning the nanoparticle synthesis conditions in order to obtain the optimal magnetic properties for imaging. Results obtained by the XPS valence band analysis were compared to the transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements. |
| Keywords: | Magnetic iron oxide Nanocrystals Raman spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Factor analysis |
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