大麦酯酶同工酶酶谱的聚类分析与遗传研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对主要产于我国不同地区的３３份近缘野生大麦及其１９份栽培大麦，以及它们间杂交的２７个组合Ｆ１植株的叶片进行了酯酶同工酶分析．结果表明，５２份材料可分成１１个酶谱类型，聚类分析说明，同一亚种或同一变种，地理来源不同，酶谱表现不同．地理来源相同或相近的不同亚种或不同变种，酯酶同工酶酶谱一般表现出相同或相近．杂交组合Ｆ１中酶谱出现３种类型：偏亲本型，杂种型和互补型．其中以互补型为多．凡出现杂种酶带或互补酶带的植株，在穗长和株高上都表现出杂种优势的特征．对近缘野生大麦和栽培大麦的酶谱以及与地理距离的关系和酯酶同工酶在大麦中的应用进行了讨论．

CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND GENETIC STUDIES OF ESTERASE ISOZYME ZYMOGRAMS IN BARLEY OF CHINA

Esterase isozyme in leaves of 33 wild relatives and 19 cultivars of barley,which mainly originated in different area of China,and F, plants of 27 reciprocal crosses were studied with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results show that eleven types of esterase isozyme zymograms have been identificed in 52 experimental materials. In spite of subspecies,the populations growing in the same geographic region were more similar for the zymograms than those in the different geographic regions according to the cluster analysis. In hybrid F, there were three zymogram patterns: (1 ) Paternal or Maternal type. (2) Hybrid type. (3)Complementary type. Complementary type was the most one in the 27 hybrid F1.The plants which showed the hybird and complementary type of zymograms all had hybrid vigor in length of ears and plant height. The relationship between zymograms and growing regions and the application of eserase isozyme in barley were discussed.