Characterization of anthropogenic sediment particles after a transboundary water pollution of river Tisza using synchrotron radiation |
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| Institution: | 1. KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary;2. Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany;1. Department of ECE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of ECE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;4. Department of ECE, Ashoka Women’s Engineering College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India;1. National Physical Laboratory of Israel (INPL), Danciger “A” Bldg, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel;2. Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 91 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Turin, Italy;3. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;4. Laboratory of Government Chemist Ltd (LGC), Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia;2. Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l’Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l''archéologie, PESSAC Cedex, 33607, France;3. Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia;4. Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia;1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, People׳s Republic of China;2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People׳s Republic of China;1. St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia;2. Protein Contour LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia;3. Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia |
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| Abstract: | At the beginning of 2000, a major mining accident occurred in the Romanian part of the Tisza catchment area due to tailings dam failure releasing huge amounts of heavy metals to the river. Sediment samples were taken from the main riverbed at six sites in Hungary, on March 16, 2000. The objective of this work was to characterize the anthropogenic particles in river sediment previously selected by single-particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The trace element composition, heterogeneity and heavy metal speciation of individual particles was studied using synchrotron radiation-based microbeam X-ray emission and absorption methods. Particles were selected only from samples regarded as polluted sediment. White-beam micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) allowed the quantitative determination of heavy metals such as cadmium in individual particles. The maximum observed concentration of cadmium (>700 μg/g) indicates that this highly toxic heavy metal is concentrated in individual anthropogenic particles. Using the combination of micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure and target-transformation principle component analysis, quantitative chemical speciation of copper and zinc was feasible on individual sediment particles. Heavy metals in most of the particles released from the pollution site remained in the sulfide form resulting in a limited mobility of these metals. Based on the information obtained using microanalytical methods, the estimation of the environmental mobility of heavy metals connected to microparticles becomes possible. |
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