微纳米材料及其结构的界面强度的实验研究

介绍了近年来微纳米材料强度实验测试研究方面的最新进展,重点综述了可用于微纳米材料及其结构中界面强度测试的实验系统、测试方法及结果.主要内容包括:测试微纳米薄膜界面端分层裂纹启裂的夹层悬臂梁方法,测试纳米岛/衬底间界面结合强度的改进AFM (atomic force microscopy)方法, 测试裂纹沿界面扩展的预裂纹法,可实现纳米薄膜界面裂纹原位观察的实验测试方法,测试薄膜在疲劳、蠕变条件下界面裂纹扩展的改进4点弯曲法等.除了总结分析测试结果,还讨论了上述实验方法的优缺点和适用范围,并指出了微纳米材料界面强度实验研究方面的一些挑战与难点,最后提出了若干需要继续研究的课题. 

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INTERFACE STRENGTH OF MICRO/NANO-MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURES

This paper reviews recent advances in experimental studies on mechanical strength of small materials with micro- to nano-meter scales. In particular, experimental systems and some testing methods developed by the current authors are introduced for measuring the interface strength in small materials and low-dimensional tiny components, and main experimental results are presented as well. The testing methods discussed are: (1) sandwiched cantilever method for evaluating the initiation strength of an interface crack in submicron films deposited on substrates, (2) modified AFM method for measuring the interface bonding strength between nano-islands and substrates, (3) pre-cracking technique for measuring crack growth along the interface, (4) a crack initiation method for nano-components using special loading apparatus built in a TEM and capable of in-situ observing the process of crack growth, (5) modified four-point bend method for measuring sub-critical crack growth along an interface between submicron films under fatigue, and (6) a special testing method for creep crack growth along an interface between polymeric film and glass substrate. From the results obtained, the authors pointed out the merits of the above experimental methods and their limitations. Meanwhile, the main challenges and difficulties in testing the interface strength of micro- to nano-materials and such tiny structures are demonstrated, and several future research topics are outlined.