Fractional charges and quantum phase transitions in imbalanced bilayer quantum Hall systems

We extend the composite boson theory to study slightly imbalanced bilayer quantum Hall systems. In the global U(1) symmetry breaking excitonic superfluid side, as the imbalance increases, the system supports continuously changing fractional charges. In the translational symmetry breaking pseudospin density wave (PSDW) side, there are two quantum phase transitions from the commensurate PSDW to an incommensurate PSDW and then to the excitonic superfluid state. We compare our theory with experimental data and also the previous microscopic calculations.