Effect of Gas Non-Ideality on the Performance of Laval Nozzles with an Abrupt Constriction

The flows in Laval nozzles with a ero-length region of abrupt constriction and in nozzles with smooth entrance regions are studied on the basis of the Reynolds equations supplemented by a differential turbulence model. It is established that the viscosity effect does not lead to flow separation in the vicinity of the minimum section of optimal nozzles with an abrupt constriction. In all the examples calculated, the thrust of these nozzles is greater than that of nozzles with smooth a constriction and an optimally contoured supersonic part, the flow rate through the nozzle being larger when viscosity is taken into account than in the ideal (inviscid) case.