第四代同步辐射光源的光束线站及其应用

随着第四代同步辐射光源的兴起，得益于X射线亮度和相干性的大幅度提升，同步辐射实验技术在谱学、散射和成像等方面取得了显著进步。这些技术能够探测复杂非均匀体系和动态变化过程中的物质结构、成分、化学价态、电子态和磁性等关键信息，在基础科学领域和应用基础研究中发挥关键作用。文章旨在介绍第四代同步辐射光源的线站技术优势，并结合具体例子探讨其在若干物理研究中的应用，同时也讨论了当前存在的工程技术挑战。希望人们能够了解第四代同步辐射光源的光束线站的特点和应用潜力，以促进其在各个科研领域的推广。

Beamlines and applications of the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source

With the emergence of fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light sources, significant improvements in X-ray brightness and coherence have led to notable advancements in synchrotron experimental techniques such as spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging. These techniques are capable of probing key information on structure, composition, chemical states, electronic states, and magnetism in complex heterogeneous systems and dynamic processes, playing a critical role in fundamental scientific and applied research. This article aims to evaluate the technical advantages of beamlines at fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light sources, and, with specific examples, to discuss their applications in various physical research areas, as well as current engineering and technical challenges. Through this article, we hope to promote the widespread application of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources across various research fields.