Obtaining gadolinium nanoparticles and studying their properties in a helium flow

A method for obtaining Gd nanoparticles with diameters of 89 to 18 nm upon metal evaporation both in a flow of pure helium and with the addition of 0.5% of oxygen is described. It is found that the addition of O₂ does not affect the size of the particles, their structure, or the Curie temperature, though the magnetization is reduced. Particles with sizes of 18 nm have cubic lattice symmetry (fcc) and remain paramagnetic below T_c; with an increase in the size of nanoparticles, the proportion of the hexagonal (hcp) phase, which coincides with the gadolinium structure, also grows, and below T_c such particles become ferromagnetic. Oxygen impurities seem to have no effect on magnetic and structural transitions in nanoparticles.