An introduction to bismuth film electrode for use in cathodic electrochemical detection |
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Authors: | Emily A Hutton Bo
idar Ogorevc Samo B Ho
evar Frances Weldon Malcolm R Smyth Joseph Wang |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan;2. PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirapalli 620 017, India;3. Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, India;4. Carbondioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632 014, India;5. Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | A new electrode surface design, the bismuth film electrode (BiFE), is presented as a promising alternative to mercury and other solid electrodes for direct cathodic electrochemical detection of organic compounds. The preparation of the BiFE, involving an ex situ electroplating of metallic bismuth onto a glassy carbon (GC) substrate electrode, was optimised. The useful negative potential windows of the BiFE in the pH range 1 (−0.2 to −0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl) to 10 (−0.2 to −1.5 V) were determined. The reproducibility of measuring 2-nitrophenol as a model compound (relative standard deviation, r.s.d., n=10) was found to be 0.5% at the same BiFE, and 1.0% at successive newly prepared BiFEs. No polishing or any other pre-treatment of the substrate GC surface was required prior to re-plating of a new Bi film. The BiFE showed similar or even favourable voltammetric behaviour when compared to mercury and bare GC electrodes, and was successfully tested for amperometric detection under hydrodynamic conditions. The results revealed that BiFE is an attractive new non-mercury metallic electrode particularly suitable for cathodic electrochemical detection in flow analytical systems. |
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Keywords: | Bismuth film electrode Electrochemical detection Voltammetry Amperometry Cathodic reduction Organic electroanalysis |
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