ICP-AES测定苦瓜籽矿质元素及GC-MS鉴定其油脂脂肪酸

苦瓜籽中活性成分的研究逐渐引起人们注意,但其矿质元素组成未见报道,其油脂脂肪酸主要成分也说法不一。文章选取海南产大苦瓜籽用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)法测定矿质元素,发现其中K,Mg和P含量最高;Cr和Zn的含量分别高达5.165和45.45μg.g-1,在植物性食品中较为罕见。以超临界CO2萃取其中油脂,得率为36.89%,碱法衍生为脂肪酸甲酯后,气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)鉴定苦瓜籽油脂中脂肪酸组成,发现其饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占36.71%,主要为硬脂酸;单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)仅占3.33%,主要为油酸(LA);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占59.96%,主要为α-桐酸,含量高达54.26%。明确苦瓜籽微量元素与脂肪酸组成,对进一步挖掘其药、食用价值具有重要的理论指导意义。

Mineral elements analysis of Momordica charantiap seeds by ICP-AES and fatty acid profile identification of seed oil by GC-MS

In the present study, a special kind of Momordica charantia seeds produced in Hai Nan was selected and analyzed. Firstly, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine the mineral elements. It was clear that the contents of K, Mg and P are the highest in the seeds; Cr and Zn takes up to 5.65% and 45.45% high, especially, which are rare in plant foods. These minerals, especially Cr and Zn might have a complex effect on those proteins or polysaccharides and form a stronger anticipation of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and cholesterol. Secondly, seed oil was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction with a yield ratio of 36.89, and the fatty acids were treated by methylation in alkaline process and purified by thin-layer chromatography, then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) identification. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) take up 36.712, and mainly are stearic acid; monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is only 3.33% which is dominantly linoleic acid (LA); Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) accounted for 59.96%, and the alpha-eleostearic acid takes up 54.26% as the main fatty acids in all. The plentiful alpha-eleostearic acid leads to strong effects of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, lowering blood fat, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and preventing cardiovascular diseases, and so on. Knowing clearly the mineral elements distribution and identifying the composition of fatty acid, especially the main fatty acids in the oil, are both of great guiding importance to further exploit the clinical and edible value in Momordica charantiap seeds.