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The Backwash Effect of CETs on Language Education in a Broader Sense
Abstract:CET4 and CET6 (combined asCETsin thispaper) have played and are still playing undeniable rolesin motivating English teaching and learning as well as providing a unified standard according to which most universities and colleges can compare with each other. However, in the recent years, a voice blaring their disadvantages has become louder and louder. This paper joins in the voice and expose their negative backwash effects on not only language education in colleges and universities but also on the activities...
Keywords:backwash effect validity reliability CETs communicative abilities receptive ability productive ability  
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