新疆阜康荒漠绿洲土地利用景观格局动态及其影响因子分析

阜康荒漠绿洲土地利用景观格局，受自然分异和水土资源开发利用程度的制约，通过划分景观样带和选取景观空间格局指标，本文重点揭示该区域景观格局的变化及其影响因子。结果表明：(1)1987年至1998年间阜康土地利用景观格局变化主要表现为耕地面积在洪积扇上增加，在冲积平原上下降；荒地则刚好相反，林地面积在低山丘陵带和洪积扇带下降，在冲积平原上没有变化，牧草地面积在低山丘陵带上升，其它各带均下降，城镇面积在各样带上都有所增加，水域各带基本不变。(2)低山丘陵带和洪积扇带景观多样性和均匀度下降，优势度上升；而冲积平原则多样性和均匀度上升，优势度下降，景观破碎度有增加的趋势，表明了人为影响的不断增强。(3)阜康荒漠绿洲景观格局的变化，集中体现在位于洪积扇与冲积平原的耕地和荒地面积变动上，关键影响因子是水土资源利用下的水盐动态变化，地形和土地利用是影响地下水位变化的关键因素，而地下水位的连续变化又影响了土壤水盐在空间的分布。

Analysis on Trends of the Pattern of Ecological Landscape and Influence Factors in Desert-oasis Land Utilization in Fukang,Xinjiang

The spatial pattern of ecological landscape about land utilization in Fukang has been influenced heavily by natural difference and the scale of water and land resource development. The characteristic of spatial pattern of ecological landscape is analyzed according to different zones and indexes. This paper opens out mainly the change on the spatial pattern of ecological landscape and the influence factors. The results show that:(1) From 1987 to 1998 the change on spatial pattern of ecological landscape about land utilization in Fukang mainly represents the area of plantation increase in pluvial fan but descend in alluvial plain. The case is on the contrary about badlands. Acreage of woodland decreases in lower mountains, uplands and alluvial plain but no variety in alluvial plain. Acreage of grassland increases in lower mountains, uplands while decreases in other field. Acreage of town increases in each sample field while the acreage of water area remains unchanged. (2) The landscape diversity and evenness is descending, dominance is ascending in lower mountains, uplands in pluvial fan, while it is reverse in alluvial plain. Accessorial fragmentation shows the increasing influence of human being. (3) The change of spatial pattern of ecological landscape in Fukang focuses on the acreage alteration of plantation and badlands in pluvial fan and alluvial plain. The key factor is dynamic variation of water-salt in water and soil resource utilization. Terrain and land utilization are the key factors, which influence water lerel, and the continuous changes of the level table works on spatial distribution of soil water-salt.