Determination of fumaric acid in apple juice by on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection

An on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis (cITP-CZE) method for the determination of the fumaric acid content in apple juice is presented. A clear separation of fumaric acid in real samples is achieved within 20 min. The leading, terminating and background electrolyte of the employed system consist of 10 mM HCl+beta-alanine+5 mM beta-cyclodextrin+0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcelullose (HPMC), pH 3, 10 mM citric acid and 20 mM citric acid+beta-alanine+5 mM beta-cyclodextrin+0.1% HPMC, pH 3.3, respectively. The linearity, recovery, repeatability and detection limit of the developed method are 25-1000 ng/ml, 1.07%, 95.4+/-3.5 (+/-s)% and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Low laboriousness (no sample pretreatment), sufficient sensitivity and low running cost are the important attributes of the cITP-CZE method which was successfully applied to analyses of real samples of apple juices.