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Elastic piezoelectric aerogels from isotropic and directionally ice-templated cellulose nanocrystals: comparison of structure and energy harvesting
Authors:Ram  Farsa  Biswas  Bipul  Torris  Arun  Kumaraswamy  Guruswamy  Shanmuganathan  Kadhiravan
Institution:1.Polymer and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
;2.Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Campus Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
;
Abstract:

We report the preparation of highly compressible and elastic piezoelectric aerogels of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Aqueous CNC dispersions containing polyethyleneimine and crosslinker were frozen isotropically to yield isotropic aerogels, while oriented aerogels were prepared by directional freezing. These aerogels were highly flexible and porous (~?85% void fraction), exhibiting greater than 90% recovery at 50% compressive strain even after 100 compression–decompression cycles. Since such aerogels with low bulk modulus and high anisotropy would be an ideal platform for leveraging the piezoelectric properties of CNCs, we used them to prepare piezoelectric nanogenerator devices and determined their energy transduction behavior. Anisotropic aerogels led to an enhanced open-circuit voltage of 840 mV (at ~?8 N applied force), which is over 2.6 times higher than isotropic aerogels (320 mV). The energy density of anisotropic aerogels was around 52 nW/cm2, representing outstanding piezoelectric performance for cellulose-based aerogels. Such aerogels with high compressibility, elastic recovery and exceptional piezoelectric performance could have potential applications in sensors, wearable electronics, etc.

Keywords:
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