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Numerical ranges of cube roots of the identity
Authors:Thomas Ryan Harris  Michael Mazzella  David Renfrew  Ilya M. Spitkovsky
Affiliation:a Mathematics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
b Department of Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, United States
Abstract:The numerical range of a bounded linear operator T on a Hilbert space H is defined to be the subset W(T)={〈Tv,v〉:vH,∥v∥=1} of the complex plane. For operators on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, it is known that if W(T) is a circular disk then the center of the disk must be a multiple eigenvalue of T. In particular, if T has minimal polynomial z3-1, then W(T) cannot be a circular disk. In this paper we show that this is no longer the case when H is infinite dimensional. The collection of 3×3 matrices with three-fold symmetry about the origin are also classified.
Keywords:Numerical range   Algebraic operator   Threefold symmetry
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