Simple approach to carboxyl-rich materials through low-temperature heat treatment of hydrothermal carbon in air |
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Authors: | Zhen ChenLijian Ma Shuqiong LiJunxia Geng Qiang SongJun Liu Chunli WangHang Wang Juan LiZhi Qin Shoujian Li |
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Affiliation: | a College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, PR China b Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China |
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Abstract: | It was found that a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) could be created on the surface of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) by simply heating at lower temperature in air during the course of our preliminary experiments which focused on oxidation pre-treatment of pristine HTC for the purpose of grafting functionalization. Especially carboxyl groups on HTC would increase significantly, from 0.53 to 3.70 mmol/g after heat treatment at 300 °C. So, effects of heat-treatment on the OFGs on the carbon microsphere were deeply studied to confirm and explain the findings. Experiments involving different materials (HTC, activated carbon and glucose) were performed under varying conditions (heating temperature and time, in air or in Ar atmosphere). A reaction mechanism for newly generating carboxyl groups on HTC surface during heat-treatment process was supposed based on the results from the sample characterization using Boehm titrations, infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and elemental analysis. In addition, the as heat-treated product has excellent sorption capability for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. |
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Keywords: | Hydrothermal carbon Oxidative functionalization Heat treatment Carboxyl groups Adsorption |
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