改性SiO2气凝胶制备及其在ICF实验中的应用

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体，采用酸碱两步催化法制备了SiO2醇凝胶。醇凝胶分别经过TEOS母液、甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTEOS）处理后，以六甲基二硅胺烷（HMDSA）为疏水改性试剂，制备了改性SiO2醇凝胶，醇凝胶经溶剂交换后以CO2作为干燥介质，采用超临界干燥法制备了密度在30～100 mg/cm3的SiO2气凝胶。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对疏水性SiO2气凝胶进行了研究。研究结果表明,经过改性的气凝胶在潮湿环境中具有极好的尺寸稳定性和疏水性。采用精密车床加工得到了满足惯性约束聚变（ICF）物理试验要求的微柱。

Preparation of modified silica aerogel and its appilication in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment

The silica alco-gel was obtained by the 2-step acid-base catalyzed TEOS. Aging in a solution of methyltrimethoxylsilane and trimethylating Si-OH groups increased the strength and stiffness of the wet gel by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSA) on the surface of silica matrix. The modified silica aerogel was obtainted by CO2 supercritical drying method. The bulk densities of aerogels were between 30~100 mg/cm3. FTIR and some other experiment methods were used to investigate the structure and hydrophobic properties. The experiment results showed that the aerogel possessed perfect size-stability and hydrophobic properties. The aerogel micro-cylinder for ICF targets was manufactured by lathe machine.