庙底沟遗址出土仰韶文化彩陶的科学研究

彩陶文化作为新石器时期的重大发明，改变了远古先民的审美方式，而著名的仰韶文化以其彩陶的优美造型、绚丽色彩和丰富的纹饰揭示了原始的艺术特征，承载了史前时期重要的社会文化信息。而利用现代光谱分析技术准确、无损和微损的特点，可以为文物保护的研究提供更科学的技术支撑。研究应用相位辅助光学三维扫描、多光谱成像、X射线荧光、激光拉曼光谱分析技术，对河南省陕县庙底沟遗址出土的新石器时代晚期仰韶文化彩陶碗进行面、点相结合的综合分析，获得了较为完整的文物物理和化学信息。利用三维扫描技术所构建的彩陶碗数字化模型对样品进行了几何尺寸的非接触测量和虚拟修复，利用多光谱成像技术所获得的灰度图像对样品表面化学特征相似区域进行了区分，结合X射线荧光和激光拉曼光谱分析技术对彩陶残片的分析结果，确定了所分析彩陶样品的主要化学成分特征和颜料物相组成。综合研究结果，提出了建立彩陶文物多源信息数字化模型的构想，为这类文物的数字化保护和展示提供了基础科学信息。

A Scientific Research of the Painted Potteries of the Yangshao Culture from the Miao-Di-Gou Site

As a great invention in the Neolithic age, painted pottery culture changed the aesthetic way of ancient ancestors. And the famous Yangshao culture with its painted pottery’s beautiful shape, bright colors and rich ornamentation reveals the artistic features of the original and carries important social and cultural information in prehistoric times. With the accurate, nondestructive and micro damage characteristics of modern spectral analysis technology, it can provide more scientific support for the research on preservation of cultural relics. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the painted pottery bowls of Yangshao culture unearthed from Miao-di-gou site dated to the late Neolithic period in Shanxian county, Sanmenxia, Henan province with optical three-dimensional scanning, self-built multispectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and laser Raman spectroscopy. The physical and chemical information of the painted pottery is obtained. The digital model of painted pottery bowls are constructed by three-dimensional scanning technique, and the geometric dimension of the samples is non-contacted measured and virtual restoration of digital images of samples are obtained. The similar regions of the chemical characteristics of the sample surface are distinguished from the gray image obtained by multispectral imaging. The chemical compositions and pigment phases of the painted pottery are determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and laser Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results of comprehensive research, a digital model of multi-source information of painted pottery relics is put forward, which provides basic scientific information for digital protection and display of such kind of cultural relics.