弓网电弧温度及导电特性的光谱分析

高铁提速受多方面因素制约，其中弓网离线对受流质量影响很大。在滑动接触模式下，受电弓与接触网的磨损均很严重。弓网离线产生的电弧是造成接触网和受电弓磨损的主要原因之一。电弧温度高，还具有电离特性，因此一般的传感器无法置于电弧中测量。光谱分析法在研究弓网电弧的温度及电子密度方面具有明显优势，基于此可进一步寻找耐磨损的新材料或者灭弧方法。因接触网使用铜合金材料，故选取铜元素特定光谱作为研究对象。采用Boltzman作图法，通过实验测得弓网电弧的光谱信息，进而计算电弧通道的温度。结果表明，由于单次电弧持续时间短又受弓网相对运动的影响，其温度并不很高，且电弧温度随着电弧持续时间的增加而增加。采用盲目反卷积的方法求解307.92 nm谱线的Stark展宽，再根据Stark展宽求得电弧的电子密度，结果表明弓网电弧通道的电子密度和其他种类电弧电子密度在同一数量级上；说明电弧引起的粒子电离效应明显。由此可知光谱法在电弧温度及电弧电离特性的分析中是较为方便和准确的。

Spectroscopy Method used in Temperature and Electron Density of Pantograph-Catenary Arc

Train speed is limited by many factors, in which the off-line between catenary and pantograph has a great impact on power quality. Because of sliding contact mode, the pantograph and catenary are seriously worn. The arc generated by offline in pantograph and catenary is one of the main reasons of the abrasion on pantograph and catenary, but the arc temperature is very high, and it has ionization characteristics, so the general sensors cannot be placed in the arc to measure characters. Considering the arc’s feature, spectroscopy is important to study temperature and electron density of arc, and it is obviously advantaged. With this basis, researchers can find new wear-resistant material or arc-extinguishing method. We select specific spectrums of Cu as the studying object for catenary is made by copper alloy. We calculate arc temperature using Boltzman mapping method through spectral information experimentally measured. The result shows that temperature is not particularly high cause of short sustained time，and we know that the temperature is mainly affected by sustained time. Then we using deconvolution method to calculate Stark broadening, and according Stark broadening calculate electron density of the arc. The results show that the electron density of pantograph-catenary arc is not special different from electron density of welding arc. Spectroscopy is a convenient and accurate method in the calculating of temperature and electron density of arc.