Stimuli-Responsive Macromolecular Architecture by Butler Cyclopolymerizations: Synthesis and Applications |
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Authors: | Dr Shaikh A Ali Dr Hasan A Al-Muallem Dr Mohammad A J Mazumder |
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Institution: | 1. Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia;2. Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | This article reviews the synthesis of polyzwitterions (PZs) (poly-carboxybetaines, -phosphonobetaines, and -sulfobetaines) having multiple pH-responsive centers. The synthesis follows the Butler cyclopolymerization protocol involving a multitude of diallylammonium salts and their copolymerization with SO2 and maleic acid. The PZs have been transformed into cationic-, anionic-polyelectrolytes, and polyampholytes under the influence of pH. Particular attention is given to the application of these polymers as antiscalants, mild steel corrosion inhibitors, components in constructing Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPSs), and membrane modifiers. The ATPSs could be used to separate various biomolecules, including proteins. Many amphiphilic polymers incorporating a few mol % hydrophobic monomers have shown enhanced viscosities and could be suitable for applications in oil fields. The progress of applying Butler cyclopolymerization in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry has been discussed. Future works are expected to focus on RAFT cyclopolymerization to construct block copolymers. |
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Keywords: | Cyclopolymerization polyzwitterion polyampholyte carboxybetaine phosphonobetaine sulfobetaine antiscalants corrosion inhibition hydrophobic association |
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