Viscous stress distribution over a wavy gas–liquid interface |
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| Institution: | 1. Polo-Research Laboratories for Emerging Technologies in Cooling and Thermophysics Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil;2. Petrobras, Vitória ES, Brazil;3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;4. Institute of Petroleum Engineering, TU Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;2. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait;4. ASCOMP, Zurich, Switzerland;1. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;2. Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia;1. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, George Begg Building, Sackville Street, M1 3BB Manchester, United Kingdom;2. Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-EPFL, EPFL-STI-IGM-LTCM, Station 9, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation, Bettis Laboratory, West Mifflin, PA 15122, USA |
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| Abstract: | Viscous stress contributes to momentum transfer between two phases, which plays an important role in both industrial applications and environmental processes. Near a wavy interface, the flow is modulated and produces a spatially non-uniform normal and tangential viscous stress. This study presents measurements of these stresses at a liquid–gas interface populated with two-dimensional millimeter scale waves performed with multiphase particle image velocimetry. Large datasets enable conditional phase-averaging of the data based on wave steepness, which increases the precision of the results and allows statistical analysis. For the first time at this scale, the spatial distribution of normal and tangential viscous stress is obtained for a large range of wave steepness (ak = 0–1, with a the amplitude and k the wavenumber). As the steepness increases, the mean shear stress over a wavelength decreases in magnitude, while the normal viscous stress increases. These trends are linear for ak < 0.6, and correlations are proposed. At ak > 0.7, flow separation is observed in the gas phase near the troughs and drastically alters the viscous stress distribution. |
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