Viscosity-Reducing Bulky-Salt Excipients Prevent Gelation of Protein,but Not Carbohydrate,Solutions |
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Authors: | Awanish Kumar Alexander M. Klibanov |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Chemistry,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,USA |
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Abstract: | The problem of gelation of concentrated protein solutions, which poses challenges for both downstream protein processing and liquid formulations of pharmaceutical proteins, is addressed herein by employing previously discovered viscosity-lowering bulky salts. Procainamide-HCl and the salt of camphor-10-sulfonic acid with l-arginine (CSA-Arg) greatly retard gelation upon heating and subsequent cooling of the model proteins gelatin and casein in water: Whereas in the absence of additives the proteins form aqueous gels within several hours at room temperature, procainamide-HCl for both proteins and also CSA-Arg for casein prevent gel formation for months under the same conditions. The inhibition of gelation by CSA-Arg stems exclusively from the CSA moiety: CSA-Na was as effective as CSA-Arg, while Arg-HCl was marginally or not effective. The tested bulky salts did not inhibit (and indeed accelerated) temperature-induced gel formation in aqueous solutions of all examined carbohydrates―starch, agarose, alginate, gellan gum, and carrageenan. |
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