载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学机制

骨骼的结构和功能在很大程度上依赖于其所处的力学环境，这一观点已被广为接受．自从Ｗｏｌｆｆ提出其著名的骨转换定律以来，骨生长与载荷间的关系一直是生物力学中一个重要的问题．大量的动物实验均证明二者之间存在明确的关联．然而，载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学（ｍｅｃｈａｎｏｃｙ－ｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）机制仍很不清楚．十余年来体外培养骨骼细胞加载的研究为应力（应变）诱导骨生长提供了一个微观理论框架．目前认为，载荷诱导骨生长的过程可分为四个环节，即：力学耦联、生物化学耦联、胞间信号转导和效应细胞反应．详细阐述了这几个环节，并就今后的研究方向作一讨论．

THE MECHANOCYTOBIOLOGICALMECHANISMS OFLOADING-INDUCED BONE FORMATION

The structure and the function of bones are dependent to a large extent on its mechanical environment, and this point of view has been widely accepted. Since Wolff presented his famous Law of Bone Transformation, the relationship between the bone formation and the mechanical loading has become an important question of biomechanics. Numerous animal experiments demonstrated a clear linkage between them. However, the mechanocytobiological mechanisms were poorly understood. The loading studies on in vitro cultured bone cells of this decade have provided a microscopic theoretical framework for this question. It is believed today that the process of loading-induced bone formation can be divided into four steps, namely: mechanocoupling, biochemical coupling, cell-to-cell signal transduction and effector responses. These steps are discribed in detail in this paper and the directions of future studies are discussed.