“同一性危机”与叙事自我论

自维特根斯坦以降，“同一性危机”既困扰着形而上学，也成了人的自我和人格同一性研究没法绕过的一道屏障。叙事自我论利用20世纪后半叶叙事研究的成果，顺应当时叙事泛化或“膨胀”的潮流，将叙事作为解释一切现象包括自我和个人同一性的范式，创造性地论证了自我及其同一性根源于叙事的崭新见解。这种新型自我论既有力地推动着对自我及其与心身关系的认识，又反哺着叙事研究，成为后者向前发展的一个重要推手。要化解同一性危机，必须有辩证法的视角，真正认识到同一性本身是差异性与同一性、变易性与稳定性、间断性与连续性的辩证统一体。而要揭示自我和个人同一性的奥秘，又必须认识到自我同一性是与“活着”或续存（survival）这一事实紧密相关的东西，决定人活着的东西就是活着的同一不变的继续，而活着不外是心身生活在继续，是自我同一性的绵延。

Identity Crisis and Narrative Self Theory

Since Wittgenstein, the " identity crisis” not only perplexed metaphysics, but also became a barrier that could not be bypassed in the study of self and personal identity. The narrative self theory makes use of the achievements of narrative studies in the second half of the last century, complies with the trend of narrative generalization or " expansion” at that time, takes narrative as the paradigm to explain all phenomena, including self and personal identity, and creatively demonstrates the new insight that self and its identity are rooted in narrative. This new theory of self not only strongly promotes the understanding of self and its relation with mind and body, but also feeds narrative research, which becomes an important driving force for the latter to develop forward. In order to resolve the identity crisis, we must have a dialectical perspective and truly realize that identity itself is a unity of difference and identity, variability and stability, discontinuity and continuity. In order to reveal the secret of self and personal identity, we must realize that self-identity is something closely related to the fact of " being alive” or survival. What determines whether a person is alive is the unchanging continuation of being alive, and being alive is not only the continuation of mind and body, but also the extension of self-identity.