作为隐喻的空间—日本史学研究中的“东洋”“东亚”与“东部欧亚”概念

明治中期以来，日本史学界出现过“东洋”“东亚”和“东部欧亚”三个地理范围大致相同的地域概念，三种概念分别代表了日本史学界关于中国与其周边世界相互关系研究的三次“空间转换”。第一次转换以明治中期东洋史的诞生为标志。作为日本对外扩张时代的“帝国知”，东洋史强调“东洋诸民族”之间“平等”的竞争与对抗，颠覆了儒家传统的以中国为“天下”中心的华夷叙事。第二次转换发生在战后初期，西岛定生的“东亚世界论”基于历史上中国与朝鲜、日本、越南之间密切的政治和文化关联，揭示了以中国为中心的“东亚世界”的内在同一性。进入21世纪后，日本史学界出现了从“东亚”到“东部欧亚”的空间转换的趋势。“东部欧亚”论者批评西岛理论的“中国中心”取向，从全球史视角关注中国与周边势力，以及周边势力之间的历史关联，在农耕与游牧、汉与非汉问题上与战前的东洋史叙事遥相呼应。

Space as A Metaphor

This paper focuses on the interrelationship between the three spatial concepts of " Toyo”, " East Asia” and " Eastern Eurasia” appeared in the historiography of Japan since the middle of the Meiji period. The author argues that there were " spatial turns” in Japan’s modern historiography on the study of the relationship between China and its surrounding world. Firstly, in first Sino-Japanese War of 1894−1895, Toyoshi(Oriental History) subverted the Confucian tradition of Hua-yi narrative with China as the center of Tianxia (" 天下”) by emphasizing the " equal” competition and confrontation between the Han Chinese and the surrounding ethnic groups. Secondly, the theory of East Asian World proposed by Nishijima Sadao after the World War II emphasized that Japan has historically belonged to the " East Asian World” centered on the Chinese Empire. Thirdly, in recent years, the research of " Eastern Eurasia” focuses on the " North-South issue,” namely, farming and nomadic, Han and non-Han issues, and echoes the " decentralized” narrative of East Asian history with the pre-war Oriental history.