原位高压测试技术在高压结构及性质研究中的应用

高压科学是研究不同压力条件下物质的结构、状态、理化性质及变化规律的学科。在高压科学研究中，多以凝聚态物质为研究对象，涉及的领域也非常广泛，包括物理学、化学、材料学、地质学、生物学、航天学等等，是一门以实验为基础的学科。高压科学之所以能成为一门独立的学科，还因为高压研究需要使用特殊且精巧的技术和方法来实现，是以技术创新为牵引的科学研究领域。而今，各种实验测试手段已经可以成熟地运用在该学科中，比较常见的有：高压拉曼散射、高压红外光谱、高压布里渊散射、高压同步辐射XRD、高压电学测量以及高压磁学测量等诸多技术。文章系统介绍了以上高压原位实验测试方法的原理、发展、作用及应用，有助于读者对原位高压测试技术有更深刻的认识和理解，为更高压力下的原位高压探测技术的发展提供重要的基础和借鉴。

Techniques for in-situ measurement of crystal structure and properties under high pressure

The science of high pressure concerns the structure, state, properties, and transformation of matter under different pressures. The research focuses mostly on condensed matter,and includes physics, chemistry, material science, geology, biology, and even cosmonautics, which are all based on experiment. The reason why the science of high pressure can be regarded as an independent research field is that it needs special ingenious techniques, and is a field that is driven by technological innovation. There are many experimental methods that can be applied to high pressure so far, such as Raman scattering, infrared spectroscopy, Brillouin scattering, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electrical and magnetic measurement, etc. In this paper we introduce the theory, development and application of the above in-situ measurement techniques under high pressure. The discussion in this paper should help provide a deeper understanding as well as an important basis and reference for the development of high pressure in-situ measurement technology.