启蒙视野下的中国科幻小说发展流变

20世纪中国科幻小说创作呈现出科学观窄化、科技美学不张及人文哲理思考空间受限等不足，这源于将科学幻想作为民族国家启蒙的工具，以及前工业化时代的社会现实。20世纪八九十年代出现了以科技为中心的“人学”转向，新世纪则具备了较为成熟的出版平台和作家群体，二者促成了新世纪中国科幻小说新质的发生。表现为：一，开启了主流文学未竟的工业现代性启蒙之路，深化了现代性思考，建构起技术诗学这一新美学维度及以科技为轴的新历史维度，形成独特的“中国标识”；二，生成了后现代社会启蒙与世俗享乐主义的新价值体系。由于主流文学与科幻小说的长期隔阂，致使科幻小说的启蒙思考难以形成对主流文学启蒙观的补充，如何消除隔阂，确立科幻小说的文学价值和地位，任重而道远。

The Transformation of Chinese Science Fiction from the Perspective of Enlightenment

Chinese science fiction novels in the 20th century present some defects such as the narrowing of the scientific view, the lack of scientific aesthetics and the limited space of humanistic philosophy, which stems from the use of science fiction as a tool for the enlightenment of the nation-state and the social reality of the pre-industrial era. In the 1980s and 1990s, the " human science” trend centered on science and technology, the new century publishing platform and the possession of writers’ conditions have contributed to the emergence of the new quality of Chinese science fiction in the new century. The performance is as follows: First, it has opened up the unfinished industrial modernity enlightenment road of mainstream literature, deepened the thinking of modernity, constructed a new aesthetic dimension of technical poetics and a new historical dimension with science and technology as the axis, forming a unique " Chinese identity”. Second, the new value system of post-modern social enlightenment and secular hedonism. Due to the long-term estrangement between mainstream literature and science fiction, it is difficult to form an enlightenment thinking on science fiction, which is complementary to the mainstream literary enlightenment. There is a long way to go to establish the literary value and status of science fiction.