“修辞性阅读”与文学阐释

张江认为阐释是一种公共行为，文学阐释的目的是寻找文本的确定主旨与意义以得到人们的广泛认同，文学批评应该有完整系统的方法以提供普遍意义的指导。基于此原则，他对米勒的解构主义批评提出了质疑。米勒的回应是，解构批评根源于文学语言的比喻性，强调以特殊方法解释文学文本的意义，并不是否定文本意义的存在，它重视的不是理论范式与方法的指导，而是对于特定作品文本的阅读与体验。他将自己的工作称为“修辞性阅读”。本文认为，“修辞性阅读”和“公共阐释”的路径虽不相同，却存在着相似与相通，那就是它们都以语言问题为中心，重视文本细读，重视文学阐释参与文学实践的能力。其差异主要体现在对待文章与作者、读者关系的理解上。文章还将“修辞性阅读”纳入到现代阐释学与中国古代修辞批评的理论背景中，并通过张江对当代诗歌的“诵读”到“视读”现象解读的分析，论证了“修辞性阅读”作为文学阐释路径对于当代文学批评理论的重要性。

Rhetorical Reading and Literary Interpretation

Zhang Jiang believes that interpretation is a public behavior and literary interpretation should be widely identified by people with the definite theme and meaning of the text. Literary criticism provides guidance of universal significance in a complete and systematic way. Based on this principle, he questions the deconstruction criticism of J. Hillis Miller. Miller’s response is that deconstruction criticism is rooted in the figurative nature of literary language and it emphasizes the interpretation of literary texts with special methods, which does not mean the negative of the significance of literary texts. What it attaches importance to is not the guidance of theoretical paradigms and methods, but the reading and experience of specific texts. He calls his work rhetorical reading. It holds that rhetorical reading and public interpretation attach importance to the close reading of texts and the ability of literary interpretation although the study on their paths are different. It places rhetorical reading in the background of the modern hermeneutics and ancient Chinese rhetorical criticism theory. It demonstrates the importance of rhetorical reading for contemporary literary criticism theory with the analysis of recitation and sight reading of contemporary poetry by Zhang Jiang.