Analytical Scheme for the Direct Graphite-Atomizer/Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Fifteen Trace Elements in Toenails for Biological Monitoring |
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| Authors: | Dimiter L Tsalev E I Tserovski A G Raitcheva A I Barzev R G Georgieva Z K Zaprianov |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Chemistry , University of Sofia , Sofia, 1126, Bulgaria;2. Department of Toxicology , Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health , Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria |
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| Abstract: | An analytical scheme for the determination of up to fifteen trace elements in nails and hair has been proposed. Samples were solubilized by means of aqueous tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (alkyl = methyl or ethyl). Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined by pulse-nebulization flame AAS, employing the Slotted Tube Atom Trap (STAT) for Cd and Pb. Suitable chemical modifiers have been applied in electrothermal AAS (ETAAS) determinations of Cd and Pb (ammonium hydrogen phosphate), As, Sb, Se and Sn (palladium), while no modifier was needed in determinations of Al, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo and Ni. Calibration was performed by means of matrix-matched standards and the technique was verified by standard additions, comparison with neutron activation and analysis of hair reference material. The usefulness of this technique for occupational exposure monitoring is briefly discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Graphite Atomizer Flame AAS Trace Elements Nails Hair Solubilization Tetraalkylammonium Hydroxide Chemical Modification Biological Monitoring |
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