Trimodel hierarchical yolk-shell porous materials TS-1@mesocarbon:Synthesis and catalytic application

Trimodal hierarchical yolk–shell materials consisting of TS-1 core and mesoporous carbon shell (YS-TS-1@MC) was successfully synthesized by using TS-1@mesosilica as hard template, sucrose as carbon source and organic base tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as silica etching agent. The resultant YS-TS-1@MC contains the micropores (0.51 nm) in TS-1 core, the mesopores (2.9 nm) in carbon shell as well as a void or a stack pore between TS-1 fragements (TS-1 intercrystal mesopores, ～18.4 nm). Under the rigorous etching conditions, the crystalline structure of TS-1core was well retained. The YS-TS-1@MC served as a good support for palladium nano-particles (Pd NPs) or Rh(OH)x species, giving rise to efficient bifunctional catalysts for the tandem reactions including one-pot synthesis of propylene oxide or amides.