Conformational substates of horse heart cytochrome c exhibit different thermal unfolding of the heme cavity

The charge transfer (CT) band at 695 nm in the spectrum of ferri-cytochrome c is highly asymmetric, indicating conformational heterogeneity due to the coexistence of different conformational substates. We have measured the respective band profile of horse heart ferri-cytochrome c as a function of temperature between 283 K (10 degrees C) and 333 K (60 degrees C) and found that the well-known decrease of the absorptivity is wavenumber-dependent and exhibits a biphasic behavior. This indicates that the underlying conformational substates differ in their thermodynamic stability with respect to the structural changes associated with the disappearance of the 695 nm band, which eventually (at high temperatures) involves the replacement of M80 by a nearby lysine residue. Our data further indicates that the thermal unfolding process involves two structurally different intermediate states.