运动生物力学发展现状及挑战

狭义的运动生物力学特指人体运动中的生物力学,主要解决竞技体育领域中如何提高运动成绩和减少运动损伤的问题.随着相关学科的融合和发展,当前运动生物力学的研究已扩展到与人类运动相关的生物学、医学、力学等学科领域.近年来,智能测试、大数据分析、人工智能等技术快速发展,对运动生物力学实验、仿真方法产生了重要的影响,在不断拓展和深化着该学科的研究内容和方向的同时,也对运动生物力学发展提出了新的挑战.本文综述了近年来运动生物力学领域的研究现状,并指出了相关研究方向的关键问题及发展趋势:在理论建模和模拟仿真计算方面,肌肉本构理论及肌肉力计算准确性是重点和难点;实验测试的新技术在竞技体育运动项目中的应用研究中扮演重要角色,其中基于深度学习的人体关键点检测算法在解决竞技体育的非接触测量方面有突破性进展;对于骨、韧带、软骨、肌肉等组织的宏观损伤机制认识不断清晰,但对于其早期损伤预测以及跨尺度损伤发生机制的研究仍有待深入;智能可穿戴装备、人工智能等新技术开始应用于运动生物力学研究及实践,成为目前运动生物力学领域最具活力的研究方向之一.本文的综述表明当前运动生物力学研究越来越向智能化、个体化、定量化发展,并正在...

Advances and challenges in sports biomechanics

The early concept of sports biomechanics refers to biomechanics in sports, which mainly solves the problems of performance enhancement and injury prevention. With the integrated development of related disciplines, the research of sports biomechanics has been extended to the fields of biology, medicine, mechanics, et al. The advance of intelligent testing, big data and artificial intelligence technologies greatly promotes the experimental measurement technologies and simulation methods of sports biomechanics. The renewal of technology and method has gradually expanded and deepened the research content and direction of this discipline and also offered new challenges. This review summarizes the recent advances and points out the development trends and key issues in sports biomechanics. The muscle constitutive theory and calculation of muscle force are the key points in the theoretical modeling and simulation calculation of sports biomechanics. The new testing methods play important role in the competitive sports. Among them the human key point detection algorithm based on deep learning has made a breakthrough in solving the non-contact measurement of competitive sports. The macroscopic damage mechanism of bone, ligament, cartilage, muscle and other tissues has been clarified, but the prediction of their early damage and the mechanism of cross-scale damage still need to be further studied. Intelligent wearable equipment, artificial intelligence and other new technologies have been applied to the research of sports biomechanics and become the hot topics. This review shows that the current research of sports biomechanics is developing towards intelligence, individualization and quantification, integrating with the related disciplines, and continuously promoting the development of scientific and technological innovation in sports, health, medical and other fields.