大气颗粒物中重金属生态风险评价与源解析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）分析厦门市大气TSP中重金属含量,研究大气重金属生态风险和来源。结果表明,各功能区大气TSP日均质量浓度范围为192-326μg/m3;TSP中各重金属含量空间分布差异较大,含量由高到低分别为：工业区,交通区,居住区。富集因子显示,Cd和As在3个功能区的富集程度极高,Cu在3个功能区也有不同程度的富集,Sr和Mg在居住区和交通区存在一定程度的富集。潜在生态风险评价表明,重金属潜在生态风险程度由高到低的顺序为：Cd,As,Cu,Pb,Co,Ni,Cr,V,Mn,Ti,三个功能区综合潜在生态风险程度极高,由高到低顺序为：居住区,交通区,工业区。多元统计分析结果表明,重金属主要来源于自然和人为扬尘、工业活动以及交通和燃烧排放,贡献率分别为43.56%、26.19%和17.12%。

Ecological Risk and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Total Suspended Particulates

Concentrations of heavy metals in the total suspended particulates（ TSP） from Xiamen city were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ ICP-OES）. The potential ecological risk and pollution sources of heavy metals were investigated. The results showed that the range of average daily concentration of TSP in different areas was 192 - 326 μg /m3. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in the TSP presented much difference in the sequence of industrial area,traffic area,residential area. The results of enrichment factors indicated that Cd and As were enriched very seriously in the three areas,followed by Cu,which was enriched considerably in the three areas. Sr and Mg were enriched to some extent in traffic area and residential area. The potential ecological risk assessment results shows the potential ecological risk of heavy metals following the order： Cd,As,Cu,Pb,Co,Ni,Cr,V,Mn,Ti. The comprehensive ecological risk of heavy metals was very high in all areas with the sequence of residential area,traffic area,industrial area. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed natural /anthropogenic dust,industrial activities,traffic and combustion emission were the three major sources with the contributions of 43. 56%,26. 19% and 17. 12%,respectively.