High-performance bilayered electrolyte intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

The ESB/GDC bilayer electrolyte concept has been proved to improve open circuit voltage and reduce the effective area specific resistance of SOFCs utilizing a conventional single-layer GDC electrolyte. However, high performance from such bilayer cells had not yet been demonstrated. The main obstacles toward this end have been fabrication of anode-supported thin-film electrolytes and the reactivity of ESB with conventional cathodes. Recently, an ESB-compatible low area specific resistance cathode was developed: microstructurally optimized Bi₂Ru₂O₇-ESB composites. In addition, we recently developed a novel anode functional layer which can significantly enhance the performance of SOFC utilizing GDC electrolytes. This study combines these recent achievements in SOFC studies and shows that exceptionally high performance of SOFC is possible using ESB/GDC bilayer electrolytes and Bi₂Ru₂O₇-ESB composite cathodes. The result confirms that the bilayer electrolyte and the Bi₂Ru₂O₇-ESB cathode can increase the open circuit potential and reduce the total area specific resistance. The maximum power density of the bilayered SOFC was improved to 1.95 W cm^?2 with 0.079 Ω cm² total cell area specific resistance at 650 °C. This is the highest power yet achieved in the IT range and we believe redefines the expectation level for maximum power under IT-SOFC operating conditions.