Transport of Viruses Through Saturated and Unsaturated Columns Packed with Sand |
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Authors: | Robert Anders Constantinos V Chrysikopoulos |
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Institution: | (1) U.S. Geological Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd., Ste. 200, San Diego, CA 92101, USA;(2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;(3) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece |
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Abstract: | Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions.
The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts
for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was
used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface
mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental
results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution;
pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2 mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media. |
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Keywords: | Bacteriophage Virus transport Unsaturated flow Virus inactivation Interface mass transfer Mathematical modeling |
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