生物质炭的制备及其在吸附中的应用

农药、重金属、染料、药物、个人护理品等是水体中常见的污染物,其中一些化合物具有毒性高、难分解、残留期长的特点,易随食物链积累,可危害到人类健康.水中污染物的处理工艺有生物降解、化学氧化、膜过滤法、吸附和光催化降解等,其中吸附法操作简单、效率高、毒副产物少,是去除污染物广泛使用的方法.生物质炭具有高比表面积、高孔隙率以及多种官能团,对多种污染物具有良好吸附作用,在吸附污染物的研究中发挥着重要作用.详细介绍了生物质炭的制备方法、性质及其在污染物吸附中的应用.

Preparation of Biochars and Its Applications in Adsorption

Pesticides, heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products are common pollutants in water. Some compounds among them are characterized by highly toxic, difficult to decomposite and long residue period, which can easily to accumulate in the food chain and endanger the human health. The treatment technologies of pollutants in water include biodegradation, chemical oxidation, membrane filtration, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation, among which adsorption is the most widely used method to remove pollutants due to its simple operation, high efficiency and less toxic by-products. Biochar has a high specific surface area, high porosity and a variety of functional groups, and has a good adsorption effect on a variety of pollutants, which plays an important role in the study of adsorption of pollutants. The preparation methods, properties and applications of biochar in pollutant adsorption were introduced in detail.