高压下氢基超导体的研究进展

实现室温超导一直是人们长期追寻的梦想，寻找和合成出具有室温超导性的新材料已成为凝聚态物理学家和材料物理学家的“圣杯”。近年来，随着理论和实验相继发现超导临界温度高于200 K 的 H3S 和 LaH10，氢基超导体已逐渐成为实现室温超导的最佳候选，成为物理学、材料科学等多学科研究的热点领域之一。在本文中，我们将概述超导材料的发展历史和几种典型超导材料，重点介绍当前高压下氢基超导体的研究进展及面临的挑战，详细讨论中低压力范围氢基高温超导体的设计思路，展望氢基超导体在低压甚至常压下实现高温乃至室温的可能性。

Hydrogen-Based Superconductors under High Pressures

Achieving room temperature superconductivity has always been the dream ofmankind pursuing for a long time. Finding and synthesizing new materials with room temperature superconductivity is the ”Holy Grail” of condensed matter physics. Since the theoreticaland experimental discovery of H3S and LaH10 with high superconducting critical temperatureabove 200 K, the hydrogen-based superconductors became the best candidate for achievingroom temperature superconductivity, which is also one of the hot areas of multi-disciplinaryresearch in physics, materials science etc. In this work, we outline the development historyof superconductors, introduce several typical superconducting materials, focus on the currentprogress and challenges of hydrogen based superconductors under high pressures, discuss thedesign ideas of hydrogen based high-temperature superconductors in the middle and low pressure range, and look forward to the possibility of hydrogen-based superconductors with highcritical temperature and even room temperature under low pressure or ambient pressure.