渭河盆地地裂缝发育基本特征

渭河盆地由于其特殊的地质环境,是地裂缝发育较多的地区。本文在渭河盆地地裂缝详细调查的基础上,简要论述了地裂缝的分布概况,详细研究了渭河盆地地裂缝的发育基本特征,并初步探讨了地裂缝的成因。渭河盆地196条地裂缝大都密集分布在断层近侧,与断层走向有明显的一致性和相关性。地裂缝基本特征主要是形态特征和空间分布。地裂缝平面形态有直线、S型和锯齿状;剖面形态为上宽下窄,并逐渐消失;倾角较陡。地裂缝空间分布上有方向性、开启性和网络性。渭河盆地地裂缝主要是构造地裂缝,受构造断裂控制;地下水、地表水、采空和黄土湿陷性只是诱导因素。

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS ABOUT GROUND FRACTURES&rsquo|DEVELOPMENT OF WEIHE BASIN

There are many ground fractures in Weihe basin as a result of its special geological environment.Based on the detailed investigation,distributive summary of ground fractures is discussed.The basic feature is analyzed in detail.The reason why the ground fractures are formed is discussed initially.The most of the total 196 ground fractures in Weihe basin are around the faultages,which are accordant and correlative with the faultages of Weihe basin.The basic feature is mainly morphological character and distribution.The ground fractures express themselves at land surface as straight line,"S" and polygonal line.Section plane can be characterized that the upside is wide and the under-part is narrow,inclination angles are relatively steep.The distribution of ground fractures can be characterized as directional,ringent and netlike.The ground fractures of Weihe basin are mainly tectonic fissures and controlled by the faultages of Weihe basin.Groundwater,surface water,goaf and settlement of loess are induction factors.