Production and transport of hadrons generated in nuclear cascades initiated by muons in the rock (exclusive approach)

Monte Carlo calculation of differential distributions of hadrons going into LVD (Large Volume Detector) experimental hall from the rock was performed. Probability of energy transfer into nuclear cascade by muon is taken according to Bezrukov and Bugaev (1981) giving 9.45×10⁻⁶ inelastic muon-nucleus interactions per gram per year at the depth of Gran Sasso. Simulation of hadron cascades in the rock was made using the universal hadron transport code SHIELD. It allowed to calculate transport of hadrons at energy up to 1 TeV providing the exclusive simulation of nuclear reactions in the whole energy range. Differential distributions of neutrons, protons and charged pions are obtained for the roof, walls and floor of the hall separately in absolute units. Total number of hadrons with energy above 15 MeV going into the hall is about 250 particles per m² per year. Number of ingoing neutrons is in good agreement with measurement. The yield of high energy hadrons (>1 GeV) in backward hemisphere is observed. Possible role of K⁰-mesons as a source of background events in LVD is distinguished.